Papillomatosis of the larynx is a common disease. A few years ago, the only possible method of treating the problem was surgery, over time, conservative methods of dealing with the disease appeared.
Causes
Papillomas in the throat appear due to the growth of connective tissue and epithelium. These formations are of a benign nature. However, this does not mean that they should be ignored.
Outwardly, the growths look like cockscombs of a red or pink hue. Rarely appear single copies. Often there are multiple formations.
They occur on the tongue, directly in the larynx, on the palate and vocal cords, on the arches of the tonsils, on the pharynx and trachea.
The greatest danger is papillomas located in the throat, which interfere with the normal functioning of the respiratory tract. These are growths on the bronchi and trachea. They lead to serious consequences and complications.
Papillomas appear in the throat if HPV is activated.
This happens under the following conditions:
- the presence of such infectious diseases as scarlet fever, measles;
- reduced immunity;
- polluted atmosphere in the area of residence;
- the presence of chronic diseases of the nose, throat and ears;
- vocal cord tension.
There is the concept of "juvenile papillomatosis". They suffer from small children. With it, multiple papillomas in the throat close the lumen in the larynx, which interferes with the normal respiratory process.
Adults with HPV in the trachea or bronchi may develop into a malignant tumor, provided that there is no treatment. However, even surgical intervention does not guarantee that the formations will not reappear.
Papillomas in the throat: symptoms
At an early stage, the problem may not manifest itself.
But as the warts grow, symptoms are observed:
- labored breathing;
- the appearance of hoarseness, cough for no reason, heaviness in the throat;
- problems with the endocrine system;
- any changes related to the respiratory system;
- cough, accompanied by the discharge of sputum or even blood;
- lump in throat.
In children, papillomas in the throat can be manifested by symptoms:
- asthma attacks due to edema in the respiratory tract;
- the appearance of shortness of breath;
- difficulties in the implementation of the respiratory process;
- hoarseness;
- violations in the development of the child.
How can you get infected?
Papillomavirus is transmitted through contact with an infected person.
This can happen in several ways:
- Sexual way. Especially, the risk of getting papilloma is great for those who lead a promiscuous sex life.
- Household way. When using one towel, blanket, as well as in common areas.
- Through a kiss
- In the presence of injuries or microcracks.
- self-infection;
- When passing through the birth canal (from an infected mother to a child).
Who is at risk?
Often, HPV in the throat occurs in children who have infections associated with the ENT organs. These include pharyngitis, tonsillitis, tracheitis, purulent otitis media, laryngitis.
The most common papillomatosis of the throat was among people in the age category from 20 to 45 years.
In the risk factor, a person who has bad habits, constantly experiences stress, leads an unhealthy lifestyle.
There are a number of indirect factors that can provoke the development of throat papillomas:
- taking hormonal pills;
- living in an area with a high level of air pollution;
- second hand smoke;
- violations in the care of the oral cavity;
- hormonal failure in the body;
- the presence of hereditary factors;
- stress.
Types of HPV in the throat
There are many classifications of papillomas that are located in the throat.
This is how the types of the disease are divided according to age:
- Congenital (i. e. infection occurred in utero).
- Children's.
- Acquired (during sexual intercourse or in a domestic way).
- Adult.
- Recurrent.
Another division is based on the degree of growth of papillomas:
- a limited option, when the spread of formations occurs in a certain area in the throat;
- common form, when papillomas are scattered everywhere;
- obturator type. In this case, the growths interfere with the passage of air through the respiratory tract.
According to the state of the respiratory system and the presence of symptomatic manifestations, the disease can be:
- First compensatory degree. It is characterized by slight difficulty during inhalation and exhalation, the appearance of hoarseness.
- Second compensatory degree. Shortness of breath appears, the body ceases to have enough oxygen, a constant feeling of anxiety appears, cold sweat appears, and the skin begins to turn blue.
- Third degree, when there is a complete cessation of breathing. The patient loses consciousness due to asphyxia.
Depending on the presence of oncogenic properties, papilloma in the throat can be:
- benign;
- malignant.
Localization of papillomas
Neoplasms can be located either directly in the throat, on any of its parts, or on the larynx. Which of them are dangerous?
Those growths that arise in the throat affect the tonsils. There are papillomas on the soft palate or side walls. Rarely, formations on the vocal cords can be found. Do not confuse papillomas on the tonsils and traffic jams.
In the second case, there is a taste of pus in the mouth. It is impossible to independently determine what it is specifically ⏤. You need to contact a specialist.
If this is a cork, then it is enough to rinse the problem area. If it is a papilloma on the tonsil, then the doctor will prescribe an effective therapy. This may be conservative treatment or surgery.
Papillomas of the larynx are dangerous. These growths can disrupt the patient's speech, interfere with the respiratory process. It is important that this problem occurs in children.
Due to the fact that the respiratory lumen is significantly reduced, laryngeal papilloma can cause suffocation, lack of oxygen in the body and death.
Diagnosis of papillomas in the throat
Before starting treatment for papillomas, the doctor will prescribe a number of diagnostic measures.
Papillomatosis of the throat can be detected using:
- Laryngoscopy - the study of the problem area using a special tool laryngoscope.
- Histology - the study of papilloma tissues. Often done after a growth has been removed or after a biopsy has been taken.
- Microlaryngoscopy - allows you to consider all the nuances of the appearance of education.
- Electroglottography - makes it possible to determine the type of papillomas (benign or malignant).
- X-ray - determines how common the problem is in the throat.
Conservative treatment
Papillomas in the throat area can be treated with conservative methods. The most common method is chemotherapy. It is carried out with the help of drugs, which are based on chemicals.
They are applied to the affected areas, for these purposes they are used:
- Potassium permanganate.
- salicylic acid.
- Silver nitrate salts.
- Sulfuric acid.
- Perhydrol.
- Nitric acid.
The cauterization procedure must be performed by a qualified person. There are a number of substances that are prohibited due to high toxicity for the treatment of children.
Another conservative method is radiotherapy. Its main task is to destroy diseased cells. This modern method has recently been increasingly used to eliminate papillomas.
Remove tumors in the throat and with the help of radiotherapy. The main advantage of the method is the absence of damage or scarring, rapid healing, and the exclusion of relapses.
The doctor prescribes to drink antiviral drugs, recommends taking immunostimulants.
Removal of papillomas in the throat
Experts believe that the only correct and effective treatment option is surgical removal of papilloma.
For this, the appropriate method is selected:
- laser;
- radio wave method;
- cryodestruction;
- laryngoscopy;
- electrocoagulation.
It is impossible to remove neoplasms on your own. There is a high probability of injury to the papilloma. This will provoke a rapid degeneration of a benign tumor into a cancerous formation. Only the surgeon will perform the operation successfully.
Surgery to remove growths in children is contraindicated. This leads to complete cessation of breathing. These methods are not used in early childhood.
Treatment with folk remedies
There are a number of folk medicines, using which they can get rid of papillomas in the throat. They are based on natural herbs and plants. A simple remedy is to eat 1 large spoonful of fresh honey daily.
An infusion of bay leaves will help to cope with the problem. They are poured with boiling water and kept in a thermos overnight. During the day, the resulting medicine is drunk. The course of treatment with the drug is 2 weeks.
An effective recipe is a mixture of chopped horseradish with honey. The ingredients are taken in equal proportions. You need to take a spoonful of funds per day. The gruel is placed on the tongue, and after a couple of seconds it is washed down with water.
Since ancient times, people have treated papillomas localized in the throat by drinking a decoction of a mixture of bird cherry, thyme, licorice, blackcurrant, raspberry, coltsfoot, plantain. The drug is taken an hour after eating for 3 months.
You can not treat the problem with folk recipes. The sooner the patient sees a doctor, the sooner he will receive highly qualified assistance, this will help to avoid consequences.